ÖZET
Blastocystis, farklı konaklarda enfeksiyon oluşturması ve birçok ülkede yaygın görülmesi nedeniyle küresel öneme sahip anaerobik bir protozoondur. Blastocystis izolatları arasında yüksek derecede genetik farklılıklar gözlenmekte olup SSU rRNA gen bölgesindeki polimorfizmlere dayanan birçok alt tipi (ST) tanımlanmıştır. Bu alt tipler patojenite, konak özgüllüğü ve yapısal varyasyonlar gibi farklı fenotipik özellikler sergilemektedir. Blastocystis ile ilgili güncel araştırmaların çoğu, bu farklılıklara ve moleküler epidemiyolojiye odaklanmıştır. Bu derleme ile Türkiye’deki Blastocystis alt tipi dağılımını konu alan çalışmaların özetlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. İnsan örnekleri ile ilgili olarak Türkiye’nin 9 ilinden toplam 783 Blastocystis izolatının yer aldığı 16 makale literatürde yer almaktadır. En sık görülen alt tip ST3 (%47,9) olup bunu sırasıyla ST1 (%17,5), ST2 (%14,7), ST4 (%4) ve ST5-ST7 (%15,9) izlemektedir. Ülkemizde hayvanlar ve çevresel örnekler üzerine az sayıda çalışma yapılmıştır. Sıçan, çiftlik ve evcil hayvanlardan alınan dışkı örnekleri Blastocystis alt tipleri açısından incelenmiş olup bu araştırmalarda ST1, ST3, ST4-ST7, ST10 ve ST12-ST14 alt tipleri rapor edilmiştir. Ek olarak, iki çalışmada çevresel su örneklerinde Blastocystis ST1 ve ST3 alt tipleri bildirmiştir. Sonuç olarak, mevcut literatür incelendiğinde, Blastocystis’in Türkiye’deki alt tip dağılımına ilişkin sistematik ve kapsamlı çalışmaların halen eksik olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışmaların çoğu sınırlı sayıda ilde, sınırlı hayvan türünde ve çok az sayıda çevresel örneklerde yapılmıştır, bu nedenle ilerideki araştırmalarda farklı illerden daha fazla örneğin değerlendirileceği çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
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