ÖZ
Amaç
Fasciolozis, önemli bir paraziter hastalık olarak kabul edilmektedir. Geviş getiren hayvanlarda morbidite ve mortalitenin birincil kaynağı olarak önemli derecede ekonomik kayıplara ve halk sağlığına yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Bejaia şehrindeki farklı yerel mezbahalardan gelen geviş getiren hayvanlarda 7 yıl boyunca fasciolozis prevalansını ve ekonomik kayıpları belirlemektir.
Yöntemler
Veriler, Ocak 2017’den Aralık 2023’e kadar Bejaia İl Veterinerlik Denetim Kurumu’nun denetimindeki farklı belediye mezbahalarından elde edilmiştir. Bir veteriner, mezbaha birimlerinde kesim sürecinin her aşamasında rutin olarak ve sistematik bir şekilde hayvan karkaslarını denetlemiştir.
Bulgular
Çalışma süresince kesilen sığır, koyun ve keçilerde postmortem muayene ile tespit edilen fasciolozis prevalansı sırasıyla %1,58, %0,04 ve %0,02 idi. Sığır, koyun ve keçiler için istenen mutlak kesinlik (d) sırasıyla %0,011, %0,63 ve %0,51’di. Sığırlarda fasciolozis, Ocak, Şubat ve Mart aylarında önemli ölçüde yüksekti; Nisan’dan Eylül’e kadar kademeli olarak azaldı, ardından Ekim, Kasım ve Aralık aylarında arttı. Öte yandan, kaydedilen koyun ve keçilerdeki fasciolozis olgularının aylık kümülatif prevalans oranları yıl boyunca sabit kaldı. Yüksek prevalans sonbahar ve kış aylarında sırasıyla sığırlarda %1,92 ve %1,78 olarak kaydedildi (p≤0,05). Bu çalışmada, toplam 12.321,2 kg karaciğerin imha edilmesi nedeniyle, söz konusu dönemde €5.904.031 tutarında doğrudan ekonomik kayıp meydana gelmiştir. Fasciolozis enfeksiyonu sonucu karkas ağırlığındaki azalma nedeniyle meydana gelen dolaylı ekonomik kayıp ise €44.746.454 olmuştur.
Sonuç
Çalışmamız, Bejaia ilindeki mezbahada sığırlarda fasciolozis prevalansının koyun ve keçilere kıyasla genel olarak yüksek olduğunu ve bu durumun çalışma alanındaki kasaplar için önemli mali kayıplara yol açtığını ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, ekonomik kayıpları azaltmak için hayvancılıkla uğraşan çiftçilerin bu parazitozun öneminin farkında olmaları gerekmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Fasciolozis, ekonomik kayıp, Cezayir
Kaynaklar
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